People believe racism is skin deep. For racists that I know, race is synonymous with skin color. They say things like "I don't see color." Toni Lahren said this in an interview with Trevor Noah and I think that unpacking this sentiment has given me a lot of clarity. I contend that for white people in this country, "I don't see color" means "I'm going to treat and interpret people as if they were white." Discounting whatever background they bring with them.
An obvious example is when someone gets angry that another person doesn't speak English. "If they're in our country, they should speak the language!" But it's more subtle and insidious than that. For example, interpreting particular habits (body language, voice volume, gestures) as angry or disrespectful could cost someone a job, even if that interpretation is incorrect.
Here's an example I found eye-opening: I'm from New Orleans. After Katrina homes were destroyed, and there were not enough workers in New Orleans to perform the repairs. Thus, New Orleans saw a large influx of undocumented workers, mostly Mexican. These workers unsettled me, and many people in New Orleans. It wasn't their skin color specifically that bothered me. I noticed that these workers stared; they stared at women A LOT.
Now, I don't presume to know whether this is a thing in Mexico or not. All I can say is that it was a thing in New Orleans and it created and fueled a lot of hostility between those workers and others in the city. Now, think about it, you're walking down the street and you notice a lot of men staring at you, what do you do? I felt threatened, many men felt protective of their female companions. This seems totally reasonable!
It is reasonable. Most of the time in America, that level of eye contact and staring from a stranger is accompanied by threatening behavior. That's just how our culture is, we don't stare at strangers. But that wasn't the case with these workers. For some reason, staring was part of their culture and was their normal.
Saying "I don't see color" means you're going to react to their behavior as if it were coming from someone like you. For white people in this country, "I don't see color" means that I'm going to treat and interpret people as if they were white, without exception or empathy. Some people think that's totally fine, and don't consider this racist at all. They would proudly identify with this sort of thinking. I think we need to label this something other than racist, for two reasons. The "I'm not racist." mentality shuts down a lot of conversations that should be happening, and if they had a label they were proud of, they might use it and be easier to identify.
And now a helpful comic by CharlieBink.